Blackjack oak | |
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Dormant blackjack in the Cross Timbers of Lincoln County, Oklahoma | |
Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)[1] | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Clade: | Rosids |
Order: | Fagales |
Family: | Fagaceae |
Genus: | Quercus |
Subgenus: | Quercus subg. Quercus |
Section: | Quercus sect. Lobatae |
Species: | |
Binomial name | |
Quercus marilandica Muenchh.[2] | |
Generalized natural range of Quercus marilandica | |
Synonyms[3][4] | |
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- Oakwood For Smoking
- Blackjack Oak For Sale
- Blackjack Oak Wood For Smoking Brisket
- Blackjack Oak Wood For Smoking Meat
- Blackjack Oak Wood For Smoking Turkey Breast
Quercus marilandica, the blackjack oak, is a small oak, one of the red oak groupQuercus sect. Lobatae. It is native to the eastern and central United States, from Long Island to Florida, west as far as Texas, Oklahoma, and Nebraska. There are reports of a few isolated populations in southern Michigan, but these appear to represent introductions.[5][6]
Oak; Oak wood is stronger than cherry or apple, yet lighter than hickory or mesquite. It is very versatile as it yields a medium smoky flavor works well with different type of meat making it perfect for a newbie to smoking. It is best to use oak wood when smoking beef, lamb, brisket, or sausages.
- Red Oak is the king of hardwoods and oaks, especially when it comes to smoking meats. Oak is strong, but it does not tend to overpower the taste and texture of the meat. If you are cooking or smoking beef or lamb, this is the best hardwood to use. Favored by restaurants, this naturally oily wood burns hot and fast.
- Oak; Oak wood is stronger than cherry or apple, yet lighter than hickory or mesquite. It is very versatile as it yields a medium smoky flavor works well with different type of meat making it perfect for a newbie to smoking. It is best to use oak wood when smoking beef, lamb, brisket, or sausages.
Oakwood For Smoking
Quercus marilandica is a small deciduoustree growing to 15 meters (49 feet) tall, with bark cracked into rectangular black plates with narrow orange fissures. Medicine creek deli red wind casino menu. The leaves are 7–20 cm (3–8 in) long and broad, and typically flare from a tapered base to a broad three-lobed bell shape with only shallow indentations. They are dark green and glossy above, pubescent underneath, and often remain attached to the twigs through the winter after turning colors from red to brown in the fall. The acorn is small, 12–20 mm (0.47–0.79 in) long and 10–18 mm (0.39–0.71 in) broad; like other red oaks, it takes 18 months to mature.[7]
Habitat and distribution[edit]
The blackjack oak grows in poor, thin, dry, rocky or sandy soils where few other woody plants can thrive, usually on low ground, from sea level up to approximately 2,800 feet (850 meters) in altitude. Some commentators say that it does not have the beautiful form of many oaks, but is nonetheless a valuable tree for growing in problem sites.[8] Some say that the tree is 'tough but ugly', but also underappreciated.[9][10] At times the tree has even been actively eradicated to provide room for trees deemed to be more commercially valuable.[11]
It is sometimes an understory tree in pine stands on sandy knolls in the southeastern US. Along the coastal plain of New Jersey the probability of finding this species is increased in relatively sunny, open areas such as those near coastal salt marshes. It often occurs near scarlet and post oaks as well as pitch pine; understory companions include winged sumac, bracken, sweetfern, and bayberry, and can be found as far north as parts of Ohio[12] and New York.
A variety, Quercus marilandica Münchhausen var. asheiSudworth,[7] grows in the western portions of its range – northern Texas, Oklahoma, and into southern Kansas. In this area, blackjack and post oak form a semi-savanna area composed of forested strips intermixed with prairie grass glades along the eastern edge of the southern Great Plains. This semi-savanna is known as the Cross Timbers.[13][14][15] Scrub forms of Q. marilandica dominate on many chert glades along with Q.stellata in Arkansas's Ozark plateau.[16]
Blackjack oak sometimes hybridizes with bear oak (Quercus ilicifolia), forming a hybrid known as Q. × brittonii.[17]
Blackjacks in the Cross Timbers can grow from 50 to 60 feet (15 to 18 m) high with a trunk diameter of 16 inches (41 cm), but seldom reach more than 40 feet (12 m). The leaves are from 4 to 10 inches (10 to 25 cm) in length and about the same width. Blackjack acorns provide food for both whitetail deer and wild turkey. Blackjacks may, however, cause tannic acid poisoning in cattle.
Uses[edit]
The wood is very dense and produces a hot flame when burned, which functions as an excellent source of heat for barbecues and wood-burning stoves. However, the wood is not desirable for wood fireplaces because the heat causes popping, thereby increasing the risk of house fires.[18]
Traditionally blackjack wood is used as both a fuel and smoke wood for barbecue in Oklahoma.
References[edit]
- ^Wenzell, K.; Kenny, L. (2015). 'Quercus marilandica'. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015. Retrieved 18 November 2017.old-form url
- ^Münchhausen, Otto von (1770). 'Verzeichniß der Bäume und Stauden, welche in Deutschland fortkommen'. Der Hausvater. 5. Hannover: Försters und Sohns Erben. pp. 253: diagnosis in Latin, description in German in Teutonic script.
- ^'Quercus marilandica (L.) Münchh'. World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 31 October 2017 – via The Plant List.
- ^'Quercus marilandica Münchh'. Tropicos. Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved 31 October 2017.
- ^'Quercus marilandica Range Map'(PDF). United States Geological Survey. Archived from the original(PDF) on 16 July 2011. Retrieved 2008-03-05.
- ^'Quercus marilandica'. County-level distribution map from the North American Plant Atlas (NAPA). Biota of North America Program (BONAP). 2014. Retrieved 31 October 2017.
- ^ abNixon, Kevin C. (1997). 'Quercus marilandica'. In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA). 3. New York and Oxford. Retrieved 31 October 2017 – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
- ^Liming, Franklin G. (1 March 1942). 'Blackjack Oak in the Missouri Ozarks'. Journal of Forestry. Society of American Foresters. 40 (3): 249–252.
- ^Klingaman, Gerald (September 22, 2000). 'Plant of the Week: Blackjack Oak'. Extension News. University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture. Retrieved 31 October 2017.
- ^Nelson, John (12 January 2017). 'Blackjack oak grows in hardscrabble habitat'. Tallahassee Democrat. Tallahassee, Florida. Retrieved 31 October 2017.
- ^Clark, F. Bryan; Liming, Franklin G. (December 1953), Sprouting of Blackjack Oak in the Missouri Ozarks, Technical Paper No. 137, Division of Forest Management, Central States Forest Experiment Station
- ^'Blackjack Oak'. What Tree Is It?. Ohio Public Library Information Network and The Ohio Historical Society. 1997.
- ^Oklahoma Biological Survey (2016). 'Ancient Cross Timbers'. University of Oklahoma. Retrieved 31 October 2017.
- ^Oklahoma Forestry Services. 'Oklahoma's Forests > Oklahoma's Major Forest Types > Post Oak-Blackjack Forest'. Oklahoma Department of Agriculture, Food, and Forestry. Retrieved 31 October 2017.
- ^Engle, David M. (18 March 1997). 'Oak ecology'. Stillwater, Oklahoma: Division of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Oklahoma State University. Retrieved 31 October 2017.
- ^Hogan, C. Michael (26 November 2012). 'Oak'. In Dawson, A.; Cleveland, C.J. (eds.). Encyclopedia of Earth. Washington DC: National Council for Science and the Environment. Archived from the original on May 23, 2013.
- ^Shapiro, Leo (28 September 2012). 'Quercus marilandica – Blackjack Oak'. Encyclopedia of Life. Biodiversity Heritage Library. Retrieved 31 October 2017.
- ^Hatch, Stephan L.; Pluhar, Jennifer, eds. (1999). Texas Range Plants. College Station, Texas: Texas A&M University Press. ISBN0-89096-538-2.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Quercus marilandica. |
If you live in an area where wood stoves are a main source of heat, you have probably already heard or taken part in the common argument over which type of wood burns best.
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Everyone seems to have their own preference, but if you are looking for definitive answers to beat those arguments, we have done the research for you and made a list of the best types of wood based on length of burn time, fragrance, abundance and overall satisfaction with results. Between ease of splitting and how often you have to put another log on the fire, here are the results to keep your work staying warm down to the bare minimum. You may be changing your mind, and your wood, quicker than a wood chuck could chuck wood.
There are a number of factors to consider when deciding which wood burns best in wood stoves. Heat per cord, or HPC, measures the BTU's by the millions and typically ranges between 20-30, 30 producing the best and longest coals. Apart from HPC, there is ease of splitting, the amount of smoke produced, strength of fragrance and how easily it will spark, jumping out of your stove and causing house fires or serious injury.
Also, it is necessary to consider your region and how easily you can obtain certain types of wood, whether you are clearing the logs yourself or buying by the cord.
Here are the top 5 woods to burn for your heating pleasure. We're counting them down, 5 to 1.
5. Birch. Starting with the lowest rating, birch is a common wood used mostly in the northern hemisphere where pines take a considerable amount of time to grow. The main benefit of burning birch is the coveted bark, full of essential oils that can easily be lit regardless of wind or damp conditions. It emits a very low spark and the density produces a decent coal that can typically last through the night. With a HPC of 20.8, birch burns with a medium amount of smoke, and splitting difficulty is also medium in comparison to other types of wood. It has a fragrance that can be slightly overpowering if you catch a cloud of smoke in your face, so overall birch has been given a rating of fair when burning in a wood stove.
4. Black Walnut. Found throughout the upper and lower Midwest and East Coast, and sporadically on the West Coast, black walnut is a strong, dark wood that is less dense than the standard oak. Although it is a great wood for building everything from cabinets to gun stocks, it is still incredibly easy to split and emits a very low amount of smoke when burned in a wood stove. The fragrance of black walnuts is extremely pleasant to most. Unfortunately, the logs do create a few more sparks than the above mentioned birch wood, so it is advisable to watch your stove before shutting it up for the night. Burning with a HPC of 22.2, black walnut rates as overall excellent. (Because of the toxicity of black walnut, it is best to use it in an EPA-approved wood stove.)
Blackjack Oak For Sale
3. White Ash. If you live anywhere other than the West Coast, and not including South Florida, white ash is one of the most highly cultivated and readily available woods for almost any use you can come up with. This strong, straight, dense wood makes a great burning log but splits with a medium difficulty. White ash is only slightly fragrant and produces a good coal that will retain heat for quite some time. The HPC rating is 24.2 and it emits a low level of spark, making it ideal for open fireplaces. Although white ash does produce a slightly thicker smoke, it is still only medium in comparison to other woods. All in all, this readily available wood comes in as excellent firewood.
2. Honey Locust. Here is a timber that the world will actually thank you for burning. Technically considered an invasive weed in other countries, honey locust can be found almost anywhere in the United States, with the exception of Washington and Oregon states. For being such a nuisance, the tree actually has relatively high HPC, approximately 26.7, and produces excellent coals, reducing the amount of the wood that will be needed to burn throughout the cold winter nights. Honey locust creates sparks about the same as black walnut and birch, but is extremely easy to split and produces a minimum amount of smoke. Only slightly fragrant and a quickly replenished source of solid fuel, honey locust receives a slightly higher than excellent rating when it comes to burning in a wood stove.
Blackjack Oak Wood For Smoking Brisket
1. Oak. With over 600 variant species throughout the world, oak is a timber that can be found in any state and is widely available for thousands of uses. Let's narrow down to the top 4 oaks and talk about burr, gamble, red and white, although most types will still match these specifications. Splitting difficulty for oak varies from each species but can typically be described as a medium chopping wood. The wonderful fragrance and low smoke emitted from oak makes it a great choice for burning in wood stoves. And with a HPC rating anywhere from 24.6-30.7, oak is simply one of the best types of wood that you can burn. The sparks from ignition and random pops that will occur while burning mean that you should keep a close eye on open flames, but through and through oak is rated as a highly excellent burnable firewood.
Blackjack Oak Wood For Smoking Meat
Regardless of the type of wood you choose to burn in your wood stove, always make sure to practice the highest safety precautions, especially throughout the winter season when fires are burning almost constantly. Always burn wisely, and stay safe!
Blackjack Oak Wood For Smoking Turkey Breast
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